It’s been an exciting couple of years in the world of LGBT rights and visibility. Gays and lesbians especially have seen radical changes in the ways that their/our lives are legislated and represented. Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell is gone. Part one of DOMA is gone. The Supreme Court will rule on part two of DOMA in a matter of weeks. Numerous television shows include prominent gay and lesbian characters, and greater awareness of bullying, the “It Gets Better” project, and the public coming out of celebrities, from actress Jodie Foster to football player Michael Sam, have put gays and lesbians in the public eye and conversation.
Transgender persons and transgender rights have received less notice—though it seems that is also changing. Last year, transgender actress Laverne Cox notably graced the cover of TIME magazine next to the headline “The Transgender Tipping Point.” Just this past Monday, June 1, in an arguably much splashier popular media coming out, former Olympian and former male person Bruce Jenner debuted his new female self Caitlyn Jenner on the cover of Vanity Fair. The debut takes place just weeks after Jenner appeared on television in an interview with Diane Sawyer on 20/20, where he (still his preferred pronoun at that time) discussed being transgender and what it has meant for his life.
On a personal level, I am happy to see that Caitlyn can finally be who she has always wished to be. As a trans ally, I am also pleased that trans issues are getting more attention in the media and that trans persons are being publicly accepted and celebrated—even if not by all.
What worries me, as a critic of media culture, especially someone concerned with issues of intersectionality, is how issues of money, race, and class, and beauty and gender, are being ignored or overlooked.
First off—the magazine cover. Caitlyn looks spectacular. In fact, she looks better than a lot of women or men her age. Acclaimed photographer Annie Leibovitz has captured her looking radiant and self-assured, staring down the camera with hair flowing. Her body and garments are a flawless white. The response on a lot of social media has been to celebrate how good Caitlyn look as a woman, which is, to me, problematic. Would we accept Caitlyn as readily if she looked still like a man? If she were plain or average-looking? Or even masculine looking?
Further, this response should illustrate to everyone, yet again, how women’s bodies are scrutinized and judged every day. It is unfortunate, in my opinion, that the Vanity Fair cover only makes it too easy to judge Caitlyn by her looks. In fact, the photo on the cover invites scrutiny of the physical over any other quality, emphasizing the whiteness of her skin while presenting her in a position of helplessness, her body bent, her hands pinned behind her. Her face is cant, and she has that “come hither” look in her eye that invites us all to assess her and possess her with the male gaze. Her claim to femaleness and acceptance, in this photo, is completely reliant on her ability to appear feminine, along with all the constraints that such a pose brings with it. Does being female always have to equate with being possessed by the male gaze? With being desired for one’s body?
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The other issue at the heart of the matter here is money, closely related as it is to beauty. I have heard some people say, “Why did he bother? He’s so old!” This reaction combines ageism with transphobia. Logically, some might say, he decided to transition and come out at this point in his life, rather than any other, for a variety of reasons: a more accepting social milieu, his children being grown up, or even, perhaps, having the money and time with which to transition. It is my personal belief that one should be able to assert one’s identity whenever he or she decides the time is right.
We must also be aware, however, that many if not most trans persons don’t have access to the kinds of wealth that Jenner did and does. Many trans persons, in fact, have to fight to get any kind of proper health care whatsoever, an issue treated in popular culture by the struggles of Laverne Cox’s character, Sophia Burset, in episode three of the first season of Orange in the New Black.
Further, Jenner is white. The rates of violence against trans persons, for example, are highest among trans women of color. Thirteen transgender women were murdered (that we know of) in 2014, according to the Human Rights Campaign, and already this year another eight have been killed. Of the women murdered in 2014, all but one were black or Latina. These stories rarely make the news, rarely do they catch the eye of the media with as much interest as Caitlyn Jenner’s whiter than white debut on the cover of Vanity Fair.
It’s not Jenner’s fault, of course, that she is white and privileged. In fact, Jenner herself has said that she will continue her visibility in the media through various reality shows and documentaries as part of creating more awareness of trans issues and trans acceptance onto mainstream media.
I do worry, though, about how Bruce/Caitlyn has had to present him/herself in the past six months. The media establishment and, no doubt, the Jenner/Kardashian publicity machine have orchestrated a very careful plot for Jenner, complete with coming out to Diane Sawyer, publicly confessing and weeping, being reminded of past pain, and then an emergence from the cocoon of masculinity into the beautiful butterfly of femaleness and excessive femininity. Thus, the story line, if you will, of coming out as a transgender person, seems very similar to the redemption story and the makeover story.
But coming out as transgender is ultimately about asserting one’s identity and having others accept that identity. It is a difficult process for many transgender persons, and the interview, rather than depict this struggle honestly, turned it into a talk show narrative. The Amazon show “Transparent,” featuring Jeffrey Tambor as a transgender woman who must come out to her adult children and learn to navigate the world as both a woman and a trans woman, illustrates with a little more honesty the many difficulties that a non-celebrity, older trans woman probably faces.
As we consider Caitlyn Jenner’s journey to where she is now, let’s not forget the many other issues that have been whited out along with Caitlyn’s own skin tone on the cover of a magazine.
PJW Note: This comment has been edited to remove uncited reference to dubious “research” classifying trans-men according to whether they are attracted to straight men or are (basically) perverts, as well as some blanket assertions about the “truth” of Jenner’s identity. The remainder of the comment, however, raises some legitimate questions for further inquiry and debate. (The terminology is not PC, but, given that the legitimacy of that vocabulary is what this poster is calling into question, I leave as is.)
We as women arent supposed to question that MtT (male to trans) people were “born in the wrong body,” and “have always been women.” But recently people are questioning it, and Jenner is a great figure to catalyze that discussion and critical thinking.
There is nothing leftover to Bruce’s idea of womanhood after one takes away femininity. But to equate true womanhood with femininity is anti-feminist. That is why the VF cover Jenner CHOSE to pose for, and crafted to his own pinup ideal, looks like what it looks like.
There has been a recent spate of media articles attempting to think through this issue, articles that are taking a critial look at this phenomenon and daring to ask questions. If anyone is interested, google:
The New York Times, “What Makes A Woman?”
The Dallas Morning News, “A Transgender problem for Diversity Politics”
The Sunday Times, “Changing Sex Is Vain, Not Brave”
The Spectator, “Call Me Caitlyn, Or Else: The Rise of Authoritarian Transgender Politics”
Hi Hora,
Maybe you can tell me if this correctly captures your concern: men who transition to women do so only because they identify with feminine gender norms overwhelmingly defined by patriarchal social structure and, in this way, reenforce those stereotypes and further legitimize all the oppressive strictures they entail.
If this is your point, my response would be, okay, of course that’s what they do—but to castigate them for this, or even just refuse to assed to such minor requests as altering one’s pronoun usage, is pointlessly cruel. It hurts individuals (whom have suffered plenty already, it might be added), and, moreover, does nothing to productively redefine such norms or press back against the very real strictures they impose upon women. The problem is systematic, and whatever little bit trans folk may do to reinforce oppressive gender norms is, in the grand scheme of things, negligible. There are better targets out there against which to set our sights.
Your reference to “true womanhood” strongly implies, however, that you have something more than this in mind. If my suspicion is correct, would you mind clarify for me and our readers what this is, and how people like Jenner and those applauding her serve to damage or endanger “true womanhood” such as should engender (excuse the pun) ethical concern?
Regards,
Patrick
Oh, and P.S., I should also add that, if you have peer-reviewed research or non-tabloid references to support the portion of your comment that I removed, do feel free to repost with appropriate references. I’m not trying to censor your voice, just to maintain a professional level of discourse.