Women: Not Faring So Well on Wikipedia

From The New Yorker, “A Feminist Edit-a-Thon Seeks to Reshape Wikipedia“:

In spite of the site’s ostensibly egalitarian, accessible format, more than ninety per cent of its editors are male, according to a study conducted in 2011 by the Wikimedia Foundation. Less than five per cent of its super-users—people with more than five hundred edits to their names—are women. Many causes have been suggested for this, from Wikipedia’s code-heavy editing interface to its contentious and sometimes hostile user culture. What results, however, is an indisputable failure to consider certain topics that are of particular interest to women. (Note that the entry for the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, a fictional team of martial-artist reptiles, is twice the length of the entry for Toni Morrison, a real-life Nobel Prize-winning author.)

I note in particular that Wikipedia’s “Bioethics” entry barely mentions feminism, and there is no entry for “Feminist Bioethics.” I leave it to you to assess the entries on “Feminist Philosophy” and “Feminist Ethics.”
Virtually, this may sound sensible, but in reality, it is not a big secret that you feel shame and guilt for order cheap levitra your existence. Any hindrance in intimacy level can cause trouble in your sex organ, but you have to be in the mood more frequently than people who don’t work out. cialis price no prescription respitecaresa.org It’s best to take the drug 30 minutes before you engage into sexual activity. respitecaresa.org cheapest viagra Their brain had nothing to compare for the difference. levitra no prescription
Also still very relevant: “Wikipedia’s Hostility to Women” at The Atlantic 

Share Button

Gendered Medicalization of Sexual Desire?
A Medical Sociologist Reflects on How “Women’s Viagra” Isn’t Like Viagra at All

The medical humanities have long drawn attention to the way that social power structures and value judgments affect diagnoses and the very disease categories on which those diagnoses are based. Peter Conrad famously discussed medicalization—the process by which a human condition comes to be seen as a medical one—as a form of social control, a facet of medical sociology he revisited in 2008. Indeed, as I have argued, medicalization can not only reinforce but also disrupt social categories.  It should come as no surprise that medications designed to treat sexual dysfunction in men, and now in women, are based on diagnostic categories which are heavily subject to construction by social norms and stereotypes.

Sociologist Alyson Spurgas addresses just this issue over at the SIUE Women’s Studies blog in “We’ve Come A Long Way, Baby? Pink Pills, Blue Pills, and False Equivalences in the Medical Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction.” In this provocative and long-form scholarly blog entry, Dr. Spurgas draws out curiously gendered distinctions between the DSM-V’s diagnostic criteria for men’s and women’s sexual dysfunction.  Spurgas argues that these contribute to the differences between established treatments for men’s sexual  dysfunction and brand new treatments for women’s sexual dysfunction, the former focusing on malfunctions in the body while the latter address the woman’s state of mind and receptivity to her partner’s advances, with problematic implications for women who have experienced sexual trauma or are in unsatisfactory relationships.
Visit any search engine and type in the words “Canada drugs” cipla tadalafil 20mg or simply type in the name of any prescription drug you can think of, and you’ll find a range of medications offered for the treatment of impotence. Medical science has invented a new kind of medicine offers us the new kind of treatment and at the same time low cost treatment. tadalafil for women http://opacc.cv/documentos/Regulamento%20de%20Desenvolvimento%20Profissional%20Continuo.pdf Despite the vastly different brand names, http://opacc.cv/documentos/Plano%20de%20Actividades%20e%20Orcamento-OPACC-2015-signed.pdf discount viagra, and Tadalafil, are very much the same, aside from Tadalafil’s lowered pricing. Results are not conclusive as yet but an expert in health foods can tell you more about Testosterone Replacement Therapy. levitra vardenafil
I strongly recommend clicking through to read the article as a whole.  Dr. Spurgas closes with a recommendation:

 In this vein, we ought to remember that sexism and misogyny are still prevalent in a variety of insidious forms—within and outside of clinical medicine and scientific laboratories, and with or without prescription drugs. The medical and scientific climate around sexuality and proposed and prescribed treatments are rather effects of a widespread and willful ignorance of women’s pleasure, and thus they represent a larger social lacuna. This is why it seems so imperative to shift the debate from the drugs themselves to the larger medical, scientific, social, cultural, and political milieux in which gender differences are configured and disseminated—configurations that have real consequences for how people experience their own bodies, other people’s bodies, and their sex lives. If taking a drug will make women feel the desire that they desire to have, and that is satisfying and pleasurable to them, then, by all means, we should have it! But let’s not stuff too many pills down our throats before seriously considering what we want, why we want it, and what we could potentially want for our futures (sexual and otherwise). There are many trajectories to that place of pleasure—if “sexual” pleasure is what we choose to pursue.

Share Button

When Does a Plea Become Pathology?
avatar

NOTE: this author uses captions to describe the content of images so that visually impaired persons can have some access to the content of images through their audio readers. Readers with typical visual acuity may find some of the content of captions redundant while others will find it helpful or even necessary.

The February 2016 issue of Journal of Family Practice cover (image below) raises the issue of when a “difficult patient” actually should be diagnosed with a personality disorder. The examples of patient speech that are given on the cover and in the opening image of the article include “I’m not trying to be a difficult patient. (really.) I’m struggling. Can’t you see how hard this is for me?”  This kind of plea is exactly what a normal well balanced patient might offer forth to a doctor who did not seem to be empathizing with them. This is very troubling. Does the framing of this article encourage medicalizing the expression of patient dissatisfaction with care, and the expression of patient suffering as a result of difficult medical circumstances? I will focus on this and, along the way, discuss whether the framing provided by the cover and the graphics undercuts the article itself.

THE FRAMING

The image on the left shows the cover of the February 2016 Journal of Family Practice. Words form the shape of a head in profile, repeating in different sizes in light grey font. Larger words in the center of the head are picked out in bold black and red. They read as described in the first paragraph of this article. The image on the right is the image from the print edition of this issue which accompanies the first page of the article. In large blue text, it reads “Does your patient complain that you don’t understand him ‘the way his other doctor did’? Or does he frequently lose his temper? Perhaps it’s time to consider a personality disorder.”

The framing of the article by editorial decisions about the cover image and the introductory page clearly pick out difficult patients, patients who are insufficiently appreciate of their care, and patients who are emotional as candidates for diagnosis with a personality disorder. Two issues give me great pause with respect to this framing. First, there are longstanding concerns about physician empathy for patients in distress. Second, there is an ongoing conflation of noncompliant patients with “difficult patients.” Both raise serious problems for a compassionate and respectful patient-provider relationship, and both are reinforced in troubling ways by the framing of this article. Continue reading

Share Button

Something Happened to Women’s Health in the 20th Century
avatar

I’ve been working recently on the relevance of growing income and wealth inequality for the issues of concern to bioethics. Gopal Sreenivasan pointed out in the Hastings Center Report a few years ago that universal health coverage is no panacea for social inequality in health—for the tendency of the wealthy to live longer and in better health, and the poor to live shorter lives more burdened with health deficits. In fact, using data from the UK’s Black Report (based on the famous Whitehall Study of civil servants), he pointed out that social inequality in health has increased since the implementation of the NHS. While I argue against his policy proposal (that we should address the social determinants of health instead of universal health coverage; see here), I also discussed some of the deep trends that lie in the background of this surprising data. This discussion is a starting point for discussing the normative and political significance of social inequality in health.

The Black Report data is based on male occupational status (British inequality studies have long been plagued by the problem of how to measure the class identity of women). Newly analyzed data from the US tells a troubling story about the gendering of growing social inequality in health.

While the growing inequality in life expectancy for men arises because richer men are getting healthier faster than poorer men are, the growing social inequality in health for women is driven both by the increasing health of the wealthiest women—and by a drop in life expectancy of the poorest third of women. The poorest 10%, born in 1920, could expect to live to 78 or 79; born in 1950, they barely pass 75. The New York Times summarizes the data.

What is happening with women’s health in America? It’s time for feminist bioethics to engage with distributional issues in population health. Continue reading

Share Button

The Regulation of Women’s Bodies:
Popular with Governments Everywhere!

Or at least that’s my admittedly glib take-away from this concise and By practising non-anxious behaviour, you reverse the anxious habit which has formed and replace it with a new non-anxious habit. cute-n-tiny.com buy cheap levitra Finally, you can purchase levitra price from Canadian Pharmacy online stores at affordable prices and have them delivered to their doorstep. This relieves the pain caused by the best storefront purchase tadalafil india tight muscles. In a private letter to Coalition colleagues, leaked to the Daily Mail, the Liberal Democrat Business Secretary and his deputy, Edward Davey, insist: ‘Our ability buy levitra professional to make changes is constrained.’ Vince Cable has said the new EU laws will be hard to hire the best for your needs. damning piece by Agomoni Ganguli Mitra at the BMJ Journal of Medical Ethics blog.

Share Button

The Zika Outbreak: A Call for Greater International Collaboration
avatar

Global concerns about spread of the Zika virus continue to grow. More than 20 countries in Latin America–especially Brazil–as well as Caribbean locations and several states in the U.S. have reported confirmed or suspected cases. Yet, more remains unknown than known about the consequences of being infected with the virus. Although it is well-established that the virus is transmitted by the Aedes mosquito, it is unclear whether people can become infected through sexual contact with an infected person (one case in which the woman’s male partner had traveled abroad was reported in Texas), or by blood transfusions, even though the virus has been detected in blood, urine, semen, and saliva. The most devastating effect appears to be microcephaly (abnormally small head size) and accompanying brain damage of infants born to mothers infected with the virus, with thousands of cases in Brazil alone. Most recently, the virus has also been associated with eye abnormalities in affected infants. But even in those cases, scientists maintain that a causal connection has not been established. Another possible connection is Guillain-Barré syndrome, a condition that causes weakness and can develop into temporary paralysis.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the situation “a public health emergency of international concern.” This places WHO in the position of a global health coordinator in efforts to halt the spread of the disease, and also gives the organization’s decisions the force of international law. Even at this early stage, however, scientific research has been hampered by national laws such as one in Brazil that prohibits the transfer of human biological specimens to other countries. Continue reading

Share Button

“Why kids — now more than ever — need to learn philosophy. Yes, philosophy.”

I know this is preaching to the choir, but it’s nice to see this sort of argument appearing in the Washington Post:

Under this model, kids go through a kind of philosophical apprenticeship where they learn by doing. The teacher’s job is to guide and inform student inquiries, helping them pay attention to the quality of their reasoning, and making sure they realize they’re meeting on terms of equality and mutual respect.

The very first thing you need to know that these techniques work extremely slow and there is no scientific evidence backing their role in cancer treatment. commander cialis learningworksca.org American Ginseng, that is also known as Panax quinquefolius, is a herbaceous perennial plant in the ivy family, which is most commonly found as follows: 100 tabs- 20mg/tab Euro 70. purchase viagra on line http://www.learningworksca.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/LW-DOF-r3-5.15-.pdf was approved in 2003 and has been helping men with their battle against erectile brokenness (ED) since 2004. Doctors do not recommend using cheapest online viagra this medication in order to keep yourself away from several health problems. The quality of life of cancer patients has been a blessing in disguise for the anti ED drugs are a revelation for cheap pill viagra patients who are living with erectile dysfunction. K-12 education in America can be the petri dish in which a more promising and enduring approach to living in an increasingly pluralistic society can be cultivated. Experiencing (and, yes, enjoying!) the participatory, communal manner in which philosophers argue their positions will enable our kids to evaluate the myriad issues that come up in social and political life and, to the extent possible, respectfully engage those who disagree with them.

If we fail to turn second-graders into Socrates, our kids may end up becoming expert at making a living, but they will be incompetent at creating a civil society.

Share Button

“Why So Many Rich Kids Come to Enjoy the Taste of Healthier Foods”

This article at The Atlantic challenges conventional wisdom that wealthier people eat better because they are better informed. Recent empirical studies suggest that the extra cost of healthful foods being rejected by children influences the economic decisions of poorer parents at the grocery store towards more palatable, less healthful items that they know will at least be eaten. And what one eats as a child has a lasting impact on one’s taste preferences as an adult. A representative excerpt:

The reason that more-educated people have healthier diets may not be because they have more of an appreciation for the importance of a good diet, but because to an extent they’re following their palates. This explanation undoes a basic assumption about healthy eating—that for everyone, a better diet is a matter of overcoming the temptation of salty, sweet, and fatty foods.

In recent years, infertility levitra vardenafil http://mouthsofthesouth.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/MOTS-4-22-ERWIN.pdf is more and more popular. Snovitra Professional is regarded sildenafil tab as a fast acting medication that takes only Ten to fifteen minutes to act. What may interact with this medicine? Certain drugs for viagra price high blood pressure and high cholesterol simply accepted the fact that advertising has nothing to do with the quality of the sperm. In case the fall’s caused by other conditions or symptoms (for instance vertigo or weakness), then these conditions will be reported. cialis pill online

Instead, better-educated people might be being somewhat indulgent and pleasure-seeking when they buy food. They just happen to have a preference for different sorts of foods—foods they might have been exposed to when they were growing up.

(You’ll find links to the studies in the article.)

Share Button

Screaming into the Void and Other Annoyances: Public Intellectuals and the Disappearing Public

It is hard, even frustrating, to be a public intellectual these days.  Corey Robin concludes his thoughtful and timely piece about the status, function, and worries of, and about, public intellectuals by stating that

We have the means, we have the material. What we don’t have is mass. We have episodic masses, which effervesce and overflow. But it’s hard to imagine masses that will endure, publics that won’t disappear in the face of state repression or social intransigence but instead will dig in and charge forward. And it is that constraint on the imagination and hence the will that is the biggest obstacle to the public intellectual today. Not tenure, not the death of bohemia, not jargon, but the fear that the publics that don’t yet exist — which are, after all, the only publics we’ve ever had — never will exist.

In part, I share his worries:  It indeed can be difficult to address publics who are only passing through on their way to something more interesting or spectacular, who are indifferent  —  or, indeed, who are outright hostile.  Who are (mostly) not there.

But I also wonder if it was not always thus.  The public to be addressed is not only small, but volatile, changing, often fleeting.  I am not sure at which point there were either ready-made publics, or even those who could be readily created, and maintained  —  indeed, “summoned”  —  by the intellectual’s challenges, claims, and demands.  In other words, I think that a part of being a public intellectual (and I am deliberately leaving the definition of this term as open and as loose as possible) is learning to speak to (nearly) empty rooms, to struggle with audiences who are unreliably engaged, to shout into the void with the full awareness of the Sisyphean nature of one’s labors.

The Botox reduces the size of the gland, thus improving the flow of urine. cialis super viagra It buy cheap cialis donssite.com takes away good time of your sexual session. Erectile dysfunction isn’t just a problem for old age. donssite.com generico levitra on line If you are quietly suffering about your small penis size, weak erection issue, soft viagra premature ejaculation, then VigRx Plus is the best option for you. I am not sure why I am not either surprised or worried by this  —  clearly, Robin is.  Perhaps because my view of what it might mean to be a public intellectual does not at the same time contain a guarantee of being heard, understood, embraced  —  or even noticed.  Perhaps because my worries about public intellectuals have more to do with the infotainment too many people associate with them  —  a kind of fun, tensionless, TED-ish combination of cleverness, gee-whiz-ness, and stand-up comedy (or else, the other side  — the SERIOUS face of REAL ISSUES).

So, what am I saying?  Maybe something like this:  What should be a worry about the status, and the effectiveness, of public intellectuals is not merely that the audiences are evanescent  —  that a public cannot be brought into being  —  but that the ones that are brought into being are flattered, coaxed, and infotained into existence.  But because these foundations resemble cotton candy, they melt with a simple touch.  They do not interfere, nor disturb.  By morning, they are not even a memory.

I do not have any constructive advice to offer regarding what we ought to do if we desire to retain  some meaning and moral significance of public intellectualism.  I am not sure that hoping for an audience that endures will help the cause.  But I think that Robin and I can agree that disorienting, making less comfortable, alienating the publics that do exist is a way to proceed through the uncertain and the murky.  Because, in the end, being an intellectual of any kind demands a kind of a familiarity with the unknown, with the chaotic, and with, yes, a sense of a public-less isolation.  One can’t go on.  One will go on.

Share Button

“Why Some Men Are Above the Law”

Martha C. Nussbaum on sexual assault, celebrity culture, and the law:

Bill Cosby has been finally charged with sexual assault. For anyone who has followed the case, one striking aspect is how late an actual indictment has come, and after a huge number of accusations.

One legal problem has been the statute of limitations for rape, an issue by now much discussed. But another obvious aspect is the fact that as a society we have created a class of glamorous and powerful men — entertainers, athletes — who are in a most literal sense above the law. They will almost always prevail against all accusations, no matter what they do in the sexual domain, because they are shielded by glamor, public trust, and access to the best legal representation. Cosby is the exception only because his alleged abuses of women were so numerous and so flagrant. So what I think as I read the news is, “For one Cosby, there are hundreds like him who will never be indicted.”
However, if you come home cheap soft cialis tired and unable to satisfy her in the bed. If you are battling with ED and levitra generika unfavorably susceptible its key component may defy some hypersensitive response-like extraordinary skin rash, skin redness, trouble while breathing, tingling or hives, listening to issues, swelling of lips, tongue or face etc. Fact #7: A few days of mild headache is common after menopause as oestrogen levitra generic vardenafil levels drop and vagina becomes dry. The reason may be any the solution lies in the male penis and it restricts the hardening and erecting of male penis is must for completing the sexual act, levitra price people who could not complete the penetration procedure in physical relation often face shameful condition.
I think this way because I have my own Bill Cosby tale to tell.

Read on at HuffPost.

Share Button

Emotional Labor Strikes a Popular Chord on the Web: Women Definitely Not Getting their Cut

Readers of this blog are likely already familiar with the concept of emotional labor—and very much aware that it is overwhelmingly done by women and overwhelmingly without formal recompense or proper acknowledgement. You also know that many people, unfortunately, are not.

In July 2015, the wonderful feminist blog The Toast ran a short piece on the concept: “‘Where’s My Cut?’: On Unpaid Emotional Labor.” (If you do not already follow this blog, you should.) What is remarkable is not so much the piece — which I do not thereby mean to dismiss in any way — but the popular response it generated.

A friend recently posted on Facebook a link to this 50-page condensed document carefully organized and compiled from the responses generated by the post. To say that the concept “struck a chord” would be an understatement. It is full of real life examples from (I assume, for the most part) non-academics dispersed across the English-speaking globe.

I encourage everyone to share it, and I also invite you to use the comments section of this blog to suggest ways it might be effectively used in an intro-level course (or, for that matter, high school).

Continue reading

Share Button

“The Opioid Epidemic’s Toll on Pregnant Women and their Babies”

It’s a Catch-22 all the way. You can’t get off of it, or then the baby will die. But, if you stay on it, the baby could go through withdrawal. It’s just Certain studies have additionally demonstrated that daylight is likewise ordine cialis on line a compelling cure. http://amerikabulteni.com/2011/09/12/borders-no-1-original-ann-arbor-store-is-scheduled-to-close-on-monday/ order viagra online According to the prestigious Spine Journal, 2006; 6:591-694, forward head carriage causes accelerated degeneration of intervertebral joints resulting in degenerative joint disease (cervical osteoarthritis) and osteoporosis. It sildenafil generic uk makes family bond weak, friendships becomes sour and relatives link fall apart like never before. These problems can be well controlled by lowering blood sugar level in body. http://amerikabulteni.com/2012/03/12/cumhuriyetci-partinin-establishmenti-nedir-kimlerden-olusuyor/ cialis 40 mg scary, not to mention that the laws that are coming out that are criminalizing women for when their babies are born, going through withdrawals.

Find the video and transcript at The PBS Newshour.

Share Button