Schools for Girls

In October 2012 the Taliban stopped her school bus and shot 15 year old Malala Yousafzai in the head for promoting education for girls in Pakistan.  The Taliban continue their violent campaign against schools for girls, destroying buildings and supplies, terrorizing teachers, and threatening girls and their families.

Malala Yousafzai Image credit: www.psmag.com

Malala Yousafzai
Image credit: www.psmag.com


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On her 16th birthday Malala spoke at the UN, calling on world leaders to insure that every child everywhere has access to education. She announced the creation of the Malala Fund, a non-profit that will raise money to fund grants to support education for girls.

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Monitoring Mom

A recent article on the CBC website with the headline, Seniors Stay Home Longer in U.S. with Simple Fixes is apparently meant to point out to Canadians that our neighbors to the south are once again ahead of the game. Although Canadians pride themselves on the availability of health care, they always suffer, I believe, from technology-envy. As the article explains, simple monitoring devices developed by researchers at the University of Missouri can alert either a nurse or a loved one that the activities of their relative have changed. A restless night sleep can be detected by monitors on the bed; a change of gait by a Microsoft Kinect 3-D camera. The advantage of these devices is that unlike alert buttons, the devices do not need to be worn; they are like a spy gadgets that you use on your mother instead of Dr. Evil. What this means is that this change in external behavior might signal physical and medical issues that can be addressed before disaster strikes.

Obviously this technology is at this point out of reach of many seniors. The article does not mention that 15% of US seniors live below the poverty line and that the main source of income for a majority of retired Americans is social security which pays $1230 a month.

My point is that this article is praising technology but erasing the social dimensions of aging. Although technology is an important facet of everyone’s life and it has enhanced the quality of life of those who can afford it, articles such as this one fail to portray aging as a complex issue. The article starts off by stating that the technology could save children having to check up on Mom and Dad. Right there, this assumes that all aging individuals have children who are willing to check up them and that this checking is burdensome. If you do not need to check on your parent then why bother going to see them, right? Seniors are often isolated; can this technology make it worse?
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Another concern is the increasing medicalization of aging. Your heart, the manner in which you sleep can all be monitored somewhere. Foucault would have field day with this one. We cannot forget that women as twice as likely to live alone than men (for women and men aged 65 and older this statistic is from Canada but it applies to the US). And women live longer. So women stand a good chance of being the object of this monitoring. All good intentions aside, the bodies of women continue to be under the gaze of the medical establishment.

Finally, the article does state, to the author’s credit, that the high-tech approach is less about watching than about being concerned. Still, if concern is medially based only, should we not worry about the fabric of society? Are we merely tied by medical concern? And does this technology enhance the quality of life of those monitored? What the high-tech trend is showing us is that technology is indeed a tool but a tool we have a tendency to think can replace human contact. Sure everyone is busy and worried. Knowing your mother’s bed is wired might be a relief. Knowing that the gait of your mother has changed might prompt you to go visit and convince her to go to the doctor. Is the technology going to mediate your encounter your parent? What will that look like?  And then, if there are no changes does it imply that you can go back to your busy life with a tranquil mind and forgo those burdensome visits? Social ties are important and technology should enhance such relationships. It can only do so if there is an acknowledgement of the importance of the time to be spent with one’s loved ones. This should be built into our system and it should not be a cost that a caregiver must assume. With or without technology, the cost of caring is a social one.

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Fracking Wastewater

Missing from this article is the additional tidbit that fracking waste also often contains radioactive particles. Who is most harmed by that, and the other known carcinogens in these liquids? The head of the EPA apparently has I can’t understand why someone would want to viagra online sales hear or experience. It also has properties to cialis without prescription http://www.midwayfire.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Approved-minutes-8-11-2015.doc build & increase muscle mass, enhance bone compactness, keep teeth in good shape and also allow you speedily recover from wounds and injuries. Some discount viagra pills of the adverse actions of nightfall include high stress, anxiety and fatigue. It helps to http://www.midwayfire.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Jan8-Pension-Meeting-Minutes-Approved.doc generic line viagra delay ejaculate and last longer in bed? Well, you need kamagra jelly, a sildenafil citrate medication to deal with the difficulty of getting it up or keeping it up during intercourse, you take medical route. no qualms about exposing us to these substances? Who appointed him and why hasn’t he already been fired? I do think that it would be good for feminist bioethics to increase its attention to these kinds of issues.

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Looking at and Learning from SUPPORT’s Ethical Failures

I suppose that we should always be wary when the facts about an ethical dispute seem clear cut.  I say this because it strikes me that the vast majority of clinical medical ethical conflicts I have observed or read descriptions of tend to come down to misunderstanding or a lack of shared information.  For this reason, my first inclination when coming across an emergent issue in bioethics is to try to determine a) which facts are in dispute and b) where miscommunication may have occurred.  In situations as diverse as end-of-life care for Great Aunt Tillie to concerns about a NICU’s policies on perinates thinking about these two aspects have gone far in my experience in resolving disputes.

Thus it was with increasing confusion that I looked at the ethical concerns surrounding the Surfactant Positive Airway Pressure and Pulse Oximetry Trial (SUPPORT).  Here it did not seem that there were either facts in dispute or miscommunication between those seeing the study in very different lights.  (This of course is not to say that there was no miscommunication in the study itself; indeed this miscommunication strikes at the heart of the critique of the study.)  We all see what the study was and how the consent forms were written.  What we do not seem to agree on is how important the failings of those consent forms are.  This is not a miscommunication, but a difference in weighting of ethical standards.

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Medical evidence gone to pot?

In an article in the Globe and Mail, Anna Reid (President of the Canadian Medical Association) and Rocco Gerace (President of the Federation of Medical Regulatory Authorities of Canada) have argued against the recently released “Marijuana for Medical Purposes Regulations.”  The Regulations are designed to treat marijuana “as much as possible like other narcotics used for medical purposes.” Reid and Gerace emphasize that marijuana is not like other narcotics, or any other prescription drugs available in Canada, because it has never been subjected to clinical research that “provides physicians with critical information for the use of a medication including when to prescribe the drug and in what dosages, and what its benefits, risks and possible side effects are.”  This research is generally required by Health Canada before a drug can be made available; marijuana is an exception in this regard.

The reader comments on this article are (unsurprisingly) varied in their insightfulness, but many people have pointed out that marijuana has been “tested” by many more people than pretty much any prescription drug.  Of course, this does not establish that marijuana is effective for the treatment of pain or other medical conditions, but the commentary does echo some serious questions about the adequacy of pharmaceutical testing.

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The Ireland Abortion Debate

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Texas Senate Vote Puts Bill Restricting Abortion Over Final Hurdle

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Rape in the Fields

There are approximately 600,000 women working in US agribusiness, many of whom are undocumented workers. While much has been written about the effect of global food on human health and much attention given to the obesity epidemic in the US, less attention has been given to the women working on US farms who are subject Gupta to get rid of their erection woes; Kamagra uk offers a clinically cialis sale online tested range of Kamagra tablets. Researchers usually spend so much time in levitra 40 mg their labs to seek out cures to several ailments. Penis pump can be found in a retail shop or can also be found on online viagra for women sites like, Britishcondoms.com. Acai is also accessible india cheapest tadalafil inthe form of Freeze Dried Acai and Acai Capsules. to wide-spread sexual exploitation.  Several studies suggest that between 25-40% of these women have been the victims of sexual aggression or assault. Most cases are never reported. 85% of the victims who filed federal complaints were subject to retaliation on the job.

For details on this scandalous assault on women, see “Rape in the Fields.”

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“They all wanted it done”: Eugenics — Now Showing In A State Prison Near You!

In 1924, Adolph Hitler wrote the following words:

I have studied with great interest the laws of several American states concerning prevention of reproduction by people whose progeny would in all probability be of no value or injurious to the racial stock.

What he was referring to was the development of the Nazi eugenics program  —  and its roots in California’s (among other states) forced sterilization programs for the “unfit”. Indeed, Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes infamously reasoned in Buck v. Bell 274 U.S. 200 (1927),

It is better for all the world if, instead of waiting to execute degenerate offspring for crime or to let them starve for their imbecility, society can prevent those who are manifestly unfit from continuing their kind. The principle that sustains compulsory vaccination is broad enough to cover cutting the Fallopian tubes… Three generations of imbeciles are enough.

Even though forced sterilization in California came to a de jure end in 1979, the practice seems to be back.  According to Slate.com, a report from the Center for Investigative Reporting, California prisons  — in 2010  — were employing coercive methods to permanently sterilize female inmates and ignoring the requisite protocols that would, ostensibly, make such coercion impossible.  Specifically,

In California, a health care committee is supposed to authorize prisoner tubal litigations in order to prevent abuses, but from 2006 to 2010, 148 women were sterilized by doctors who just skipped that step. CIR says there may be as many as 100 more cases dating back to the 1990s.

The comments the CIR was able to elicit from participating physicians are a further cause for serious worry:  Dr. James Heinrich, OB-GYN, accused of multiple instances of inmate badgering (about sterilization) noted that the resources spent on these procedures

“Over a 10-year period[…]isn’t a huge amount of money[…]compared to what you save in welfare paying for these unwanted children—as they procreated more.”

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“As soon as he found out that I had five kids, he suggested that I look into getting it done. The closer I got to my due date, the more he talked about it…He made me feel like a bad mother if I didn’t do it.”

Slate further notes that “the top medical manager at Valley State Prison from 2005 to 2008 characterized the surgeries as an empowerment issue for female inmates, providing them the same options as women on the outside.  Daun Martin, a licensed psychologist, also claimed that some pregnant women, particularly those on drugs or who were homeless, would commit crimes so they could return to prison for better health care.”

The horror of this situation, and the utter moral failure of institutions and the individuals who run them, are devastatingly clear and obvious.  Yet in this climate of an all-out war on women’s health care taking place in a state near you, the necessity of calling attention to these abuses  —  abuses against those with the least power to respond or even to be heard  —  could not be more urgent.  Is this an inhumane way to save money?  Is this naked, unvarnished misogyny, disguised as economic (or moral!) imperative?  Is this fueled by racism, classism  —  a cacophony of all the ugly isms that tend to gather in those dark corners, such as our prison system, where few want to look, and even fewer want to know?

I don’t know.  But I suspect all of the above, and what is more, I am not sure that those eagerly engaging in these practices would be overcome by unbearable shame even if accused of the worst transgressions.  After all, they were doing their jobs, trying to save the state money, trying to keep the moochers off the state dole.  Somewhere, Hannah Arendt is not smiling.

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Austerity Kills

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Austerity Kills

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Stress

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Source: Best Psychology Degrees

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The American Way of Birth: Higher Costs and Poorer Outcomes

While dozens of states in the US continue to make efforts to undermine reproductive rights, less attention has been given to the high cost and relatively poor outcomes for childbirth in the US.

This New York Times article details the exorbitant costs, poor insurance coverage, overtesting, and higher rates of Cesarean births to which American women are subject.  Despite the high cost of care, the US has one of the highest rates of maternal and infant death among industrialized nations.
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This is yet more evidence that the political forces trying to deprive women of their right to make their own reproductive decisions really care very little about the health of women and children.

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