IJFAB Blog | Official Blog of IJFAB: the International Journal of Feminist Approaches to Bioethics

FAB Gab Episode 9 is out now: Mercer Gary on Care Robots

Posted on June 17, 2021 by Kathryn MacKayJune 17, 2021

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In the new episode of FAB Gab, Mercer Gary discusses care robots, their uses in the care sector, and how they might be changing the care landscape. This paper situates care robots, like companion robots or helper robots, within the current capitalistic caring context, without proposing that they are uniquely disturbing.

You can listen to Mercer’s discussion of care robots, as well as our previous episodes, here.

A link to the transcript of the podcast are in the show notes.

Let us know what you think below or on Twitter. Thanks for listening!

FAB Gab is presented by Kathryn MacKay, and produced by Madeline Goldberger.

FAB Gab Episode 8, with Nora Hämäläinen

Posted on June 3, 2021 by Kathryn MacKayJune 3, 2021

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In the new episode of FAB Gab, Nora Hämäläinen discusses her recent paper on contextually, bioethics, and the nature of philosophy. Using the writings from two traditions, the classic moral philosophical and the bioethical, Hämäläinen responds to Barry Hoffmaster’s recent paper (2018), in which he claims that bioethics must free itself from applied ethics (and therefore moral philosophy) to become a ‘contextual ethics’. Hämäläinen proposes that we can achieve a rich and complex ethics by using the resources of folks, such as feminist ethicists, have been proposing and defending for decades.

You can find Hämäläinen’s paper in the latest issue of IJFAB, and you can listen to the episode (as well as previous episodes) here.

Let us know what you think of the episode here or on Twitter! Thanks for listening!

FAB Gab is hosted by Kathryn MacKay and produced by Madeline Goldberger.

Please submit your abstracts to FAB2022, Basel, Switzerland (in person and virtual) 18-19 July, 2022.

Posted on April 19, 2021 by Anna GotlibAugust 9, 2021

The 16^th World Congress of Bioethics website: https://iab2022.org/frontend/index.php?folder_id=1850&page_id=

The FAB abstract submission website: https://iab2022.org/frontend/index.php?page_id=7845&fbclid=IwAR2SvT-gNT0T0YZbda1LkyqbcWb_gMW_Oiq4qHLdO_Os7KNau-qogQw1Il0

Feminist Approaches to Bioethics

The FAB 2022 World Congress theme is “Reimagining Feminist Bioethics”

We welcome submissions on any aspect of feminist bioethics, and we are particularly keen to receive submissions that involve some reimagining of feminist bioethics. Submissions may be theoretical, empirical, or methodological, and will be organized into appropriate thematic strands. Please ensure the title and abstract of your submission clearly convey the main theme of your presentation.

FAB has a strong commitment to embracing contributions from a wide range of disciplines, including philosophy, social sciences, critical cultural studies, law, medicine and public health, history, psychology, and others. We also particularly encourage submissions from early career researchers.

Types of presentation

Oral paper

3 or more papers will be given together with other related talks in parallel sessions. The slots will be assigned by the programme committee.

Duration:	20 minutes plus 10 min. Q&A
Submission as:	contribution (oral paper)

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*Some contributors whose paper submission is unsuccessful may be offered space in the shorter oral presentation session.

Short oral presentation

Short presentations of max. 7 minutes that briefly introduce the presenter’s work to potentially interested audiences for later follow-up. Questions will be taken only if time remains in the 7-minute slot. The slots will be assigned by the programme committee.

Duration:	7 minutes including Q&A
Submission as:	Contribution (short oral presentation)

Panel / Symposium Session

If you would like to present an entire thematic session, which comprises several individual talks (max. 5), you may submit for a panel / symposium session. The session may be structured around linked papers and discussion, or involve other activities and formats (e.g. debate, workshop, panel Q&A, film plus discussion). Submitting author should indicate the theme, overall abstract, names of other presenters and Chair.

Duration:	90 minutes
Submission as:	Session (Panel/Symposium presentation)

Deadlines

30.09.2021	Submission deadline for FAB abstracts

FAB Gab Episode 7, with Susan Stark

Posted on April 15, 2021 by Kathryn MacKayApril 15, 2021

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In our latest episode of FAB Gab, Susan Stark speaks about the intersection of gender and race in birth outcomes in the United States. It turns out, Stark says, that while home birth poses a higher risk to the baby being born, it poses a far lower risk of morbidity or mortality for birth givers, especially if they are Black or Brown.

You can find Stark’s paper in the latest issue of IJFAB, and listen to this episode of FAB Gab, and all previous episodes, here.

A transcript of the podcast is available in the show notes.

Let us know what you think below or on Twitter.

Thanks for listening!

FAB Gab is hosted by Kathryn MacKay and produced by Madeline Goldberger.

FAB Gab Episode 6 is out! Meet the Editors of IJFAB

Posted on March 26, 2021 by Kathryn MacKayMarch 26, 2021

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In the new episode of FAB Gab, IJFAB editors Anna Gotlib, Robyn Bluhm, and Jackie Leach Scully discuss how the journal got started, what it’s like to be an editor – including some of the great things and some of the challenges – and how they’d like to see the journal develop into the future.

You can listen to this episode, and all previous episodes, here.

A link to the FAB Network, and a transcript of the podcast are available in the show notes.

Let us know what you think of the episode in the comments below or on Twitter.

Thanks for listening!

FAB Gab is hosted by Kathryn MacKay and produced by Madeline Goldberger.

Coming soon! FAB Gab Season 2

Posted on March 10, 2021 by Kathryn MacKayMarch 10, 2021

By Madeline Goldberger & Kathryn MacKay

Madeline Goldberger is the producer for FAB Gab and SHE Research Podcast. Kathryn MacKay is a lecturer at Sydney Health Ethics, an IJFAB advisory board member, and the host of FAB Gab and SHE Research Pod.

With the second season of IJFAB’s ‘FAB Gab’ podcast about to begin, we thought we’d take a look back at the first season, and entice you to check out some episodes you might have missed.

Season 1 of FAB Gab focussed on a special issue of IJFAB, which honoured the work of Susan Sherwin – one of the world’s foremost feminist philosophers, especially influential for her concept of relational autonomy. Our guests had contributed to this special issue, and had a lot to discuss about Sue’s legacy in feminist theory and bioethics.

Episode 1 explored the origins of the Special Issue on Sue Sherwin’s work with Kirsten Borgerson and Letitia Meynell. Guest editors of the Sue Sherwin issue, Kirsten and Letitia discussed why they wanted to celebrate Sue’s work, the influence Sue has had on the development of their own intellectual pursuits, and how they selected each of the papers for the issue.

Episode 2 heard Carolyn McLeod explore relational autonomy and the work of Sue Sherwin. McLeod reflected on her relationship with Sue Sherwin, who was her PhD supervisor, and a life-long mentor. Having written one of the narrative pieces for the issue, Carolyn discussed misunderstandings in relational theory, and what next-generation scholars can take from Sue’s work.

Jennifer Bell discussed using relational autonomy to frame qualitative research in Episode 3. Jennifer discussed her motivation to provide a structured approach to conduct qualitative research with a relational autonomy lens. She spoke about how she was able to discern in her research whether a particular person’s relationship with their ‘support person’ was either supportive of their autonomy or was diminishing of their autonomy, and discussed the important role of good theory in guiding empirical research.

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In Episode 4, Michael Doan and Ami Harbin discussed their paper which explored relational understandings of public health. Both doctoral students of Sue Sherwin, Michael and Ami examined how real-world public health disasters inspired them to connect their studies with activist work in the world, and how Sue’s work can impact an understanding of public health and public health ethics.

In Episode 5, our last for Season 1, we spoke to Karey Harwood about ‘new eugenics’ movements and procreative liberty. Responding to Judith Daar’s work about the new eugenics, Karey explored historic eugenic mentalities, and the potential population-level effects of individual choices made within the bounds of current practices. Karey discussed her view of procreative liberty, and how we should understand the limits of such in an age of technological advancements.

Season 2 of FAB Gab will kick off with an interview with the IJFAB editors! We will then chat with a number of authors whose papers appear in the new issue of Volume 14 of the International Journal of Feminist Approaches to Bioethics.

Thanks for reading, and watch this space! All episodes of FAB Gab will be announced here and on Twitter.

If you’d like to know more about FAB Gab, or be featured on an episode, please get in touch with us on Twitter, or Kathryn via email:

Kathryn dot Mackay at Sydney dot edu dot au.

FAB Gab Episode 5 is out!

Posted on February 18, 2021 by Kathryn MacKayFebruary 18, 2021

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In the new episode of FAB Gab, Karey Harwood talks about her latest paper on IJFAB, discussing the ‘new eugenics’ and procreative liberty in relation to the work of Judith Daar.
You can listen to this episode, and all previous episodes, here.

A link to Harwood’s paper and a transcript of the podcast are in the show notes.

Let us know what you think below or on Twitter.

Thanks for listening!

MAiD and IJFAB: Why Bioethical Discourse is Not Endorsement

Posted on February 11, 2021 by Jackie Leach ScullyFebruary 11, 2021

In the past few months, a number of posts and Tweets from the Biopolitical Philosophy blog have stated that the International Journal of Feminist Bioethics (IJFAB) has ‘promoted’ medical assistance in dying (MAiD) along with the legislation currently being considered by the Canadian Senate that proposes changes in the existing Canadian law on MAiD. The claims have been that IJFAB, as a journal, is in favour of medically assisted dying and is dismissive of the argument that MAiD is a threat to people with disability. The editors of IJFAB have asked the editor of Biopolitical Philosophy to retract these statements but this request has been declined. So, we’re taking this opportunity to make explicit the journal’s position on publications that address this and other controversial issues in feminist bioethics.

As an academic journal of feminist bioethics, IJFAB does not support, promote or reject individual pieces of legislation or policy. That isn’t to say that IJFAB takes no position on any issue whatsoever. As feminists, the editors and authors alike share the goal of achieving equality and justice for women, and by extension for other socially marginalized groups. That means we have a primary orientation in favour of measures that help reach that goal.

But life isn’t simple, and beyond this common aim there is considerable diversity of opinion. One of the main functions of the academy is to provide a space of encounter and dialogue for this diversity, within the boundaries of what’s legal and of commonly accepted standards of courtesy, in the conviction that morally sound positions can only be strengthened by respectful debate while morally deplorable ones will be shown up for what they are.

Of course, this is an ideal, and as feminists we are not naïve to the fact that social and political forces push more privileged voices to the centre. We take seriously our responsibility as editors to ensure as best we can that these structural exclusions don’t affect the work of IJFAB. Like the majority of academic journals we encourage submissions in a variety of formats, use double anonymous peer review, and have an Editorial Board to whom the editorial team can turn for guidance. IJFAB currently has an editorial team of three, and between us we’re quite likely to hold differing positions when we discuss publishing on contentious issues. We are aware that no process is perfect, and we are constantly looking for ways to be more open and inclusive without compromising the standards of the journal.

What is more, a review of what has been published in IJFAB shows that it does not promote MAiD. First, the article in question[1] appears in a special issue primarily devoted to honouring the diverse work of one of the founders of feminist bioethics, not to the topic of MAiD. The article is in favour of legal reform but explicitly draws attention to the need to examine the impact of that reform on “women, the elderly, persons with disabilities, racialized minorities, and people with low income.” Second, and more importantly, IJFAB has published at least one paper that argues against medically assisted dying[2], and over the years has presented a body of work that is relevant to opposing sides on this debate, including work on relationality, vulnerability, and care. Since, to reiterate, IJFAB does not promote any specific position beyond a broadly feminist one, we are confident that our track record on other topics will show a similar lack of bias.

Although I’m writing this on behalf of the whole editorial team, I want to end by speaking personally. As a disabled bioethicist with a life-limiting health condition, I have my own serious concerns about the impact of medically assisted dying on people with disability. But I don’t believe that papers or articles discussing MAiD shouldn’t be published, and as an academic and activist I value the opportunity to learn more about positions with which I disagree.

This is an important issue for all journals, and we welcome this opportunity to invite continued discussion. As the editorial team at IJFAB our main concern is always to explore how we can best serve the entire community of feminist bioethicists.

A woman with a cap of short grey hair smiles slightly toward the viewer. Half her face is in shadow. She is wearing a black turtleneck.

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Jackie Leach Scully

On behalf of the Editorial Team of IJFAB

[1] Jocelyn Downie, “Why Feminist Philosophy (Especially Sue Sherwin’s) Matters: Reflections through the Lens of Medical Assistance in Dying”. IJFAB 2020 13; 21-27 doi.org/10.3138/ijfab.13.2.05

[2] Margaret P. Wardlaw, “The Right-to-die Exception: How the Discourse of Individual Rights Impoverishes Bioethical Discussions of Disability and What We Can Do About It”. IJFAB 2010;2: 43-63 doi.10.3138/ijfab.3.2.43

New study provides additional evidence that clinicians’ disability stigma affects care for disabled patients

Posted on February 10, 2021 by EditorFebruary 10, 2021

In 2003, Harriet McBryde Johnson famously engaged Peter Singer to discuss his views on disabled persons. Like so many before him–utilitarians or not–Singer argued that the lives of disabled persons involved more suffering and less joy than non-disabled persons, and he focused on the costs of their care rather than the joys of their own lives and the joy they bring others. As Johnson put it in her piece “Unspeakable Conversations” in the New York Times, “To Singer, it’s pretty simple: disability makes a person ‘worse off.'”

This view is not uncommon amongst clinicians and bioethicists who play a role in making quality of life determinations for disabled patients, and who use those in making determinations about access to care and especially when care is “futile.” A new study in Health Affairs confirms precisely this. The authors, Iezzoni et al., begin by noting that more than 61 million Americans have disabilities (about 1/5 of the population), and that they experience health care disparities. One possible cause might be physicians’ perceptions of people with disability, and so Iezzoni et al. set out to measure these perceptions. In a survey of 714 currently practicing U.S. physicians, 82% reported that “people with significant disability have worse quality of life than nondisabled people.” A majority of clinicians surveyed realized at some level that they were not well-prepared to provide the same quality of care to disabled patients as to non-disabled patients: only 40.7% of them felt “very confident” about their ability to do so, while 57% “strongly agreed” they welcome such patients into their practices. About 1 in 5 of those surveyed acknowledged that the health care system often treats these patients unfairly.

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Quality of life judgments made by physicians are no less suspect than those made by Singer, if we extend Johnson’s analysis. She responds to these judgments in “Unspeakable Conversations”:

Are we ”worse off”? I don’t think so. Not in any meaningful sense. There are too many variables. For those of us with congenital conditions, disability shapes all we are. Those disabled later in life adapt. We take constraints that no one would choose and build rich and satisfying lives within them. We enjoy pleasures other people enjoy, and pleasures peculiarly our own. We have something the world needs.
Pressing me to admit a negative correlation between disability and happiness, Singer presents a situation: imagine a disabled child on the beach, watching the other children play…
I respond: ”As a little girl playing on the beach, I was already aware that some people felt sorry for me, that I wasn’t frolicking with the same level of frenzy as other children. This annoyed me, and still does.” I take the time to write a detailed description of how I, in fact, had fun playing on the beach, without the need of standing, walking or running….
[I] invoke the muck and mess and undeniable reality of disabled lives well lived.

Episode 4 of FAB Gab is out now!

Posted on January 31, 2021 by Kathryn MacKayJanuary 31, 2021

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In the latest episode of FAB Gab, Michael Doan and Ami Harbin discuss their paper in the special issue of IJFAB celebrating the work of Sue Sherwin. Ami and Michael’s paper focuses on a relational understanding of responsibility in and for public health. You can listen to their discussion, and the other episodes, here. You’ll also find a link to their paper and a transcript of the podcast.

Thanks for listening!

Global COVID Vaccine distribution is a central concern for global bioethics, and feminist bioethics’ attention to patterns of power and injustice

Posted on January 31, 2021 by EditorJanuary 31, 2021

In June of 2020, when US President Trump formally expressed his intention to withdraw from the WHO just as the scope of the COVID-19 pandemic had become clear, this also meant withdrawing from COVAX, the international program intended to change distribution patterns of vaccines to globally more fair/ethical. US President Joseph Biden has expressed his intention to not withdraw from WHO and thus to support COVAX. However, the fact of the matter is that wealthier nations with stronger connections to the established patterns of imperialism and settler colonialism have already bought up the largest shares of vaccines already available (Canada, the US, the UK, etc. AKA the “usual suspects”). So have other powers with global reach and/or national wealth such as China, Israel, and the United Arab Emirates.

This image shows a map of the world. Darker nations have had more vaccines per 100 people, lighter ones fewer. Most of Africa is entirely white or has no data. So is much of Eastern Europe and central Asia. The US, Canada, and Europe are darkest. Russia and China are a little paler, as are Mexico, Brazil, and a few other South American nations. Most of Central America, the Caribbean, and much of western and northern South America are not colored at all.

Of course, those shares procured by the US and Canada were of the vaccines that are the most expensive per dose, and the hardest to store, with the Pfizer and Modern vaccines both requiring ultra-cold or cold storage that could not be maintained in nations with unpredictable electrical grids and standard refrigeration capacity–this is also true of rural and tribal areas of the US and Canada. Perhaps they were never good candidates for global distribution. We’ll have to keep our eye on what happens to the more affordable vaccines now coming available, including the Oxford Astrazeneca vaccine and those out of China such as Sinovac that don’t use mRNA methods but rather use more traditional vaccination methods with parts of killed virus. These are not only less expensive, but also are more easily stored and transported and may work better with global vaccine distribution infrastructure.

These concerns about the transnational/international operation of power and privilege, gendered or otherwise, are paramount for global feminist bioethics. And of course, any analytical lens concerned with the welfare of women will be concerned for these same systems since women are members of every non-gendered social group against whom–or for whom–power works. Even within nations that have vaccines, pregnant women are not always listed as a vaccinatable population due to their exclusion from vaccine trials (the US CDC and WHO differ on this); the impact of research exclusions of pregnant women has been an IJFAB concern since our second issue in 2008.

In addition, the classic global bioethics issue of who is used for new drug testing vs. who receives access to those new drugs is highlighted by South Africa’s role as a test site despite its reliance on COVAX for access to vaccines to begin, at best, in the 2nd quarter of 2021. Several African nations were test sites for multiple COVID vaccines, but will expect to see delivery long after the nations in which the companies who developed the vaccines are based. This is reminiscent of the bioethics issues seen with HIV medication trials that exhibited similar patterns in the late 20th century.

For more on these issues see the links embedded above plus:

GRAPHICS: Global Covid Vaccine Distribution and Inoculations (Al Jazeera; 3 January 2021)

Brazil begins distributing AstraZeneca CoronaVirus Vaccine (Axios; 23 January 2021)

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Rich Countries Are Hoarding COVID Vaccines: 80 million vaccine doses have gone out–but only 55 in a low-income country (Vox; 29 January 2021)

Pregnant Women Get Conflicting Advice On COVID-19 Vaccines (New York Times; 28 January 2021)

How Rich Countries Affect COVID Vaccination For The Rest of The World (National Public Radio; 13 January 2021)

As Israel Leads in COVID-19 Vaccines Per Capita, Palestinians Still Await Shots (National Public Radio; 31 December 2021)

Serbia Turns to China for Vaccine Relief (DeutscheWelle; 25 January 2021)

Coronavirus Vaccinations Data Visualizations (Our World In Data; updated daily)

Argentina’s legislature passes bill legalizing abortion

Posted on December 31, 2020 by EditorDecember 31, 2020

As 2020 comes to a close, we have news out of Argentina that decades of feminist pro-choice activism have come to fruition: the Senate has passed a bill that came through the House recently, decriminalizing abortion up through 14 weeks gestation.
For more, see these articles:

On the law and the vote
On reactions: “I feel relieved”
This short English-language news video from DeutscheWelle, the German public broadcasting network (includes crowd reaction to results of vote, both in favor and against)

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An item of Bioethics note: the legislation allows conscientious objection to abortion and there is not a broad infrastructure in Argentina for abortion provision, so it remains to be seen what access to safe, legal abortions will be like once the new law goes into effect. However, the conscientious objection provision of the law does require that clinicians who refuse must also refer the patient to another clinic (it’s not clear yet to this Editor whether that clinic must be one known to perform abortions). A core ethical issue of conscientious objection is whether there are any limitations on the right to refuse, and whether referral makes the clinician complicit in an act they consider immoral and/or is necessary to prevent the clinician’s own views from preventing the patient getting access to care they find morally permissible and that others will provide.